Abbyrlhit Greagagh

Clowan:Fogrey cowraghyn er lheh Clowan:Kishtey fys corys screeu Clowan:Abbyrlhit Greagagh

Ta'n abbyrlhit Greagagh (Greagish: Ελληνικό αλφάβητο) ny phossan dy chiare lettyryn as feed ta ymmydit ry hoi screeu sheese y Ghreagish veih'n 9-oo ny yn 8-oo eash RC. T'eh ny chied abbyrlhit as ny abbyrlhit shinney er-yn-oyr dy vel eh cowraghey magh dagh breeockle as dagh corockle lesh cowrey er lheh.^[1] Va ny lettyryn er nyn ymmyd myr earrooyn Greagagh, as y cliaghtey shen goaill toshiaght 'sy 2-h eash RC.

Daase yn abbyrhit Greagagh ass yn abbyrlhit Feaneeckagh, agh cha nel mooinjerys echey rish Linnagh B ny yn çhillabaght Chypragh, coryssyn screeuee leah da'n Ghreagish. Daase ram abbyrlhityn elley ta ymmydit 'syn Oarpey as 'sy Niar Meanagh ass, goaill stiagh yn abbyrlhit Ladjynagh.^[1] Ayns bishaghey lesh yn ymmyd echey jiu son screeu sheese y Ghreagish, ta ny lettyryn ayn ymmydit myr cowraghyn 'sy vaddaght as 'syn oaylleeaght, myr enmyn da breneenyn 'syn 'ishag, as myr enmyn rollageagh, as myr enmyn co-vraaraghyssyn as co-hayraghyssyn, as son cooishyn ennagh elley.

Preeu-lettyryn

Lettyr	Lettyr Feaneeckagh co-reggyrtagh	Ennym				Aalettraghey¹		Fockley magh		Towse earrooagh
Lettyr	Lettyr Feaneeckagh co-reggyrtagh	Gaelg	Shenn- Ghreagish	Greagish Vean-eashagh (yl-heeanagh)	Greagish Noa-emshiragh	Shenn- Ghreagish	Greagish Noa-emshiragh	Shenn- Ghreagish Chlassicagh	Greagish Noa-emshiragh	Towse earrooagh
Α α	Aleph	Alpha	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh		άλφα	a		Clowan:IPA	Clowan:IPA	1
Β β	Beth	Beta	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh		βήτα	b	v	Clowan:IPA	Clowan:IPA	2
Γ γ	Gimel	Gamma	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh		γάμμα γάμα	g	gh, g, j	Clowan:IPA	Clowan:IPA	3
Δ δ	Daleth	Delta	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh		δέλτα	d	d, dh, th	Clowan:IPA	Clowan:IPA	4
Ε ε	He	Epsilon	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh	έψιλον	e		Clowan:IPA		5
Ζ ζ	Zayin	Zeta	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh		ζήτα	z		Clowan:IPA ny (Clowan:IPA) Clowan:IPA ny s'anmey	Clowan:IPA	7
Η η	Heth	Eta	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh		ήτα	e, ē	i	Clowan:IPA	Clowan:IPA	8
Θ θ	Teth	Theta	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh		θήτα	th		Clowan:IPA	Clowan:IPA	9
Ι ι	Yodh	Iota	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh		ιώτα γιώτα	i		Clowan:IPA	Clowan:IPA	10
Κ κ	Kaph	Kappa	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh		κάππα κάπα	k		Clowan:IPA	Clowan:IPA	20
Λ λ	Lamedh	Lambda	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh	λάμδα λάμβδα	l		Clowan:IPA		30
Μ μ	Mem	Mu	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh		μι μυ	m		Clowan:IPA		40
Ν ν	Nun	Nu	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh		νι νυ	n		Clowan:IPA		50
Ξ ξ	Samekh	Xi	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh	ξι	x	x, ks	Clowan:IPA		60
Ο ο	'Ayin	Omicron	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh	όμικρον	o		Clowan:IPA		70
Π π	Pe	Pi	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh	πι	p		Clowan:IPA		80
Ρ ρ	Resh	Rho	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh		ρω	r (Clowan:Yl-heeanagh: rh)	r	Clowan:IPA, Clowan:IPA	Clowan:IPA	100
Σ σ ς	Shin	Sigma	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh		σίγμα	s		Clowan:IPA		200
Τ τ	Taw	Tau	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh		ταυ	t		Clowan:IPA		300
Υ υ	Waw	Upsilon	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh	ύψιλον	u, y	y, v, f	Clowan:IPA	Clowan:IPA	400
Φ φ	arganeys mychione y vun (jeeagh er y teks)	Phi	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh	φι	ph	f	Clowan:IPA	Clowan:IPA	500
Χ χ		Chi	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh	χι	ch	ch, kh	Clowan:IPA	Clowan:IPA	600
Ψ ψ		Psi	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh	ψι	ps		Clowan:IPA		700
Ω ω	'Ayin	Omega	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh	ωμέγα	o, ō	o	Clowan:IPA	Clowan:IPA	800

Lettyryn ceaghlee

Ta lettyryn ennagh ayn as cummaghyn ceaghlee ry-akin oc, as ny cummaghyn shen goaill eiraghey veih myn-lauescreeuee mean-eashagh. Choud's ta'n ymmyd jeu jeant ayns clougraafeeaght chadjin ny Greagish myr aghtyn clou, ta fir jeu er ny gheddyn ynchoadagheeyn er lheh ayns Unicode.

Ta'n cowrey Clowan:Unicode ("beta cass-lhoobagh") ny chummey ceaghlee cass-lhoobagh jeh'n lettyr beta (β). 'Sy tradishoon Frangagh jeh clougraafeeaght ny Shenn-Ghreagish, ta β ymmydit ec toshiaght focklyn as ta Clowan:Unicode ymmydit çheusthie jeh focklyn.
Ta'n lettyr epsilon as daa chummey ceaghlee ry-akin dy corrym - $ϵ$ ('epsilon' corranagh, cosoylagh rish lieh-chiarkylagh lesh linney) ny $ε$ (cosoylagh rish earroo 3 contraartagh). Ta'n cowrey Clowan:Unicode (U+03F5) enmyssit myr cummey corranagh er lheh, as eh ymmydit myr cowrey çhaghnoil.
Ta'n cowrey Clowan:Unicode ("theta laue-screeuee") ny chummey roie jeh theta (θ), as t'eh ry-akin dy mennick ayns lauescreeuee, as er ymmyd lesh keeall er lheh myr cowrey çhaghnoil.
Ta'n cowrey Clowan:Unicode ("cowrey kappa") ny chummey roie jeh kappa (κ), as eh er ymmyd myr cowrey çhaghnoil.
Ta'n cowrey Clowan:Unicode ("pi ceaghlee") ny chummey laue-screeuee shenndeeagh jeh pi (π), as t'eh ymmydit myr cowrey çhaghnoil.
Ta'n lettyr rho (ρ) lesh cummaghyn aghtagh anchasley ry-akin, lesh y famman echey goll jeeragh sheese ny lesh cassag da'n jesh. Ta'n cowrey Clowan:Unicode (U+03F1) enmyssit da'n chummey cass-loobagh erlheh, as t'eh ymmydit myr cowrey çhaghnoil.
Ta'n lettyr sigma, 'sy chlougraafeeaght chadjin, ry-akin as daa chummey ceaghlee echey: ta ς ymmydit ec jerrey focklyn ynrican, as ta σ ymmydit aynd dagh boayl elley. Ta'n cummey Clowan:Unicode ("sigma corranagh", cosoylagh rish y c Ladjynagh) ny cheaghlagh aghtagh mean-eashagh as foddee dy vel ymmyd jeant jeh lesh ny gyn yn anchaslys jerrinagh.
Ta'n preeu-lettyr upsilon (Υ) ry-akin lesh ceaghlee aghtagh anchasley echey, lesh ny strugeyn heose goll seose dy jeeragh myr ta ry-akin 'sy Y Ladjynagh, ny lesh cassagyn beggey echey. Ta'n cowrey Clowan:Unicode (U+03D2) enmyssit da'n chummey cass-loobagh er lheh, as t'eh ymmydit myr cowrey çhaghnoil.
Ta'n lettyr phi taghyrt lesh daa cheaghlee aghtagh dy mennick - lesh y chummey $ϕ$ (kiarkyl lesh linney pontreilagh goll ny hrooid) echey ny myr $φ$ (cummey cass-loobagh ta foshlit ec y vaare). Ta'n cowrey Clowan:Unicode (U+03D5) enmyssit da'n chummey doont er lheh as t'eh ymmydit myr cowrey çhaghnoil.

Yn abbyrlhit Greagagh sheeynt

Lettyryn bun-earrooagh 'syn Abbyrlhit Greagagh

Lettyr	Lettyr Feaneeckagh co-reggyrtagh	Ennym			Aalettraghey¹	Fockley magh	Towse earrooagh
Lettyr	Lettyr Feaneeckagh co-reggyrtagh	Gaelg	Shenn-Ghreagish	Greagish Noa-emshiragh	Aalettraghey¹	Fockley magh	Towse earrooagh
	Waw	Stigma	–	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh	st	Clowan:IPA	6
()	Qoph	Qoppa	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh	k	Clowan:IPA	90
()	Tsade	Sampi	–	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh	ss	Clowan:IPA, Clowan:IPA, Clowan:IPA	900

Lettyryn ass ymmyd

Lettyr	Lettyr Feaneeckagh co-reggyrtagh	Ennym			Aalettraghey¹	Fockley magh	Towse earrooagh
Lettyr	Lettyr Feaneeckagh co-reggyrtagh	Gaelg	Shenn-Ghreagish	Greagish Noa-emshiragh	Aalettraghey¹	Fockley magh	Towse earrooagh
()	Waw	Fau	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh	w	Clowan:IPA	6
	Heth	Heta	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh	h	Clowan:IPA	–
	Tsade (ynnyd) Shin (ennym)	San	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh	Clowan:Yl-heeanagh	s	Clowan:IPA	–
	Tsade (ynnyd) Shin (ennym)	Sho	–	–	š	Clowan:IPA	–

Scarreydee

Clowan:Ardart

'Sy chair-screeu yl-heeanagh tradishoonagh ta ymmydit dy tradishoonagh da'n Çhenn-Ghreagish, foddee breeocklyn ymmyrkey scarreydee, ta shen dy ghra slattagyn as ennalyn. T'ad ny slattagyn ayn na'n clattag virragh (Clowan:Foawragh), y clattag hrome (Clowan:Foawragh), as y clattag lhoobagh (Clowan:Foawragh). 'Sy Çhenn Ghreagish, ren ny slattagyn shen soilshaghey cummaghyn anchasley jeh'n clattag ardjey. Ec jerrey yn eash Raueagh, va'n clattag ardjey er ny aase gys slattag stroos, as 'sy Ghreagish ny s'anmey ren dagh fer jeh ny slattagyn shen soilshaghey magh breeocklyn stroosit. T'ad ny h-ennalyn ayn na'n ennal gharroo (Clowan:Foawragh), as eh cowraghey sheean Clowan:IPA ec toshiaght fockle, as yn ennal ghleayshagh (Clowan:Foawragh), as eh cowraghey aasaaraght y çheean Clowan:IPA ec toshiaght fockle. Ta'n lettyr rho (ρ), ga nagh vel eh ny ny vreeockle, gymmyrkey ennal gharroo dy kinjagh traa t'eh ec toshiaght fockle. She scarreydagh elley ta ymmydit 'sy Ghreagish na'n cowrey scarree (Clowan:Foawragh), as eh soilshaghey magh hiatys.

'Sy vlein 1982, va'n shenn chorys screeuee, er enney myr y cowrey yl-heeanagh, jeant aashagh dy ve ny chorys unsheeanagh, as staydys oikoil 'sy Ghreag ec y corys shen nish. Cha nel ayn nish agh un clattag, y tonos, as va ny h-ennalyn scrysst.

Ymmyd yn abbyrlhit Greagagh ry hoi çhengaghyn elley

She'n preeu-ymmyd jeh'n abbyrlhit Greagagh na dy screeu sheese y Ghreagish. Ansherbee, dy keayrtyn as ayns buill ennagh, va ymmyd jeant jeh son dy screeu sheese çhengaghyn elley.^[2]

Sampleyryn leah

Y chooid smoo jeh ny h-abbyrlhityn 'syn Aishey Veg, ymmydit m. 800-300 RC son dy screeu sheese çhengaghyn lheid as y Lydish as y Phrygish, ren ad ymmyd jeh'n abbyrlhit Greagagh leah lesh kiartagheeyn beggey — myr va ny h-abbyrlhityn Iddaalagh Shenn.
Çhengaghyn Shenn-Valkanagh, goaill stiagh y Thrakish. Son çhengaghyn ny abbyrtyn gerroil, lheid as y Çhenn Vassadoanish, ta focklyn er lheh freilt ayns teksyn Greagish, agh cha nel teksyn gyn scuirr freilt.
Ta cowraghyn grainnit ennagh 'sy Ghoalish ('sy Rank noa-emshiragh) jannoo ymmyd jeh'n abbyrlhit Greagagh (m. 300 RC).
Va'n teks Ewnish jeh'n Vible screeuit ayns lettyryn Greagagh ayns Hexapla liorish Origenes.
Ta sleig Arabish veih'n 8-oo eash freayll teks 'syn abbyrlhit Greagagh.
Va cowrey grainnit 'sy Çhenn Ossetish veih'n 10-oo derrey'n 12-oo eash BNJ feddynit ayns Arkhyz, y feanish shinney jeh'n Ossetish.

Lesh lettyryn elley

Ta shiartanse dy abbyrlhityn ennagh screeuit lesh yn abbyrlhit Greagagh lesh cooney lettyryn bishee elley:

Ta'n abbyrlhit Bactriagh cur y lettyr Sho stiagh 'syn earroo as va'n abbyrlhit shen ymmydit son dy screeu sheese y Vactrish fo reill yn Impiraght Kushan (65-250 BNJ).^[3]
Ta'n abbyrlhit Coptagh cur hoght lettyryn veih'n Demotagh rish. T'eh foast ymmydit jiu, 'syn Egypt son y chooid smoo, son dy screeu sheese y Choptish. Ta ny lettyryn freayll cummey unshagh dy cadjin ta anchasley veih ny cummaghyn ta ymmydit 'sy Ghreag jiu (jean cosoylaght rish cummaghyn jeh'n abbyrlhit Ladjynagh ta ymmydit 'sy script Gaelgagh).
Ta'n Çhenn Nubish ass Makuria (y Toodaan noa-emshiragh) cur tree lettyryn Coptagh rish, daa lettyr veih'n script Meroitagh, as un daalettyr jeh daa ghamma Greagagh ta ymmydit son dy screeu sheese y sheean ng.

Ayns ny h-eashyn ny s'noa

Coptish (jeeagh heose).
Va'n Turkish va loayrit ec Creestee Cair-Chredjuagh (Karamanlidyn) screeuit sheese dy mennick ayns bun-screeuyn Greagagh, as y bun-screeu shen enmyssit Karamanlidika.
Va'n Albaanish Tosk screeuit sheese dy mennick lesh yn abbyrlhit Greagagh, as y cliaghtey shen goaill toshiaght mygeayrt ny bleeaney 1500 (Elsie, 1991). Hoilshee yn clou ayns Moschopolis magh shiartanse dy heksyn Albaanish ayns bun-screeu Greagagh car y 18-oo eash. 'Sy vlein 1908, rere co-choyrle Monastir, va cair-screeu Ladjynagh currit er bun ry hoi Tosk as Gheg. Cha nel yn abbyrlhit Arvanitagh, ta bunnit er yn abbyrlhit Greagagh, er n'ymmyd agh 'sy Ghreag.
Va abbyrtyn Slavagh Jiass eigsoylagh, cosoylagh rish y Vulgeyrish as y Vassadoanish noa-emshiragh, screeuit sheese ayns bun-screeuyn Greagagh, keayrtyn. Ta ny çhengaghyn Slavagh Yiass noa-emshiragh jiu goaill ymmyd jeh abbyrlhityn Kyrillagh kiartit.^[4]
Va ymmyd jeant jeh cowraghyn Greagagh ry hoi screeu sheese yn Aromaanish. Ec y traa t'ayn, cha nel cair-screeu cadjinit ec yn Armeanish, agh t'eh çheet ayns shilley dy bee cair-screeu bunnit er y Romaanish doltit.
Gagauzish, çhengey Hurkagh ayns ny Çheeraghyn Balkanagh hiar hwoaie.
Surguch, çhengey Hurkagh ta loayrit ec Creestee Cair-Chredjuagh 'sy Ghreag hwoaie.
Urumish ny Tatarish Ghreagagh.

Abbyrlhityn ta çheet magh ass

Daase abbyrlhityn eigsoylagh magh ass yn abbyrlhit Greagagh:^[1]

Yn abbyrlhit Ladjynagh, banglane jeh cummey shenndeeagh heear jeh'n abbyrlhit Greagagh;
Yn abbyrlhit Gothagh, er ny chummey 'sy Çhenneraght Yeianagh ry hoi screeu sheese y Ghotish;
Yn abbyrlhit Glagolitagh, er ny chummey ayns ny Mean Eashyn ry hoi screeu sheese ny Çhengaghyn Slavagh;
Yn abbyrlhit Kyrillagh, er ny chur stiagh ayns ynnyd yn abbyrlhit Glagolitagh tammylt beg ny yei;

T'eh coontit, foddee, myr shennayr yn abbyrlhit Armeanagh, as va cleayney echey ayns lhiasaghey yn abbyrlhit Shorshagh.

Imraaghyn

Clowan:Rolleyimraaghyn

Kianglaghyn çheumooie

Abbyrlhit Greagagh - Enmyn Gaelg

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Clowan:Cite book
↑ Jeeagh er S. Macrakis, 1996 son y chlaare lioaragh
↑ New Findings in Ancient Afghanistan — the Bactrian documents discovered from the Northern Hindu-Kush, leaght liorish yn Olloo Nicholas Sims-Williams (Ollooscoil Lunnin - Hirayama Prize)
↑ "Dva balgarski rakopisa s gracko pismo", Balgarski starini 6, 1920; André Mazon and André Vaillant, L'Evangelaire de Kulakia, un parler slave de Bas-Vardar, Bibliothèque d'études balkaniques 6, 1938; Jürgen Kristophson, "Das Lexicon Tetraglosson des Daniil Moschopolitis", Zeitschrift für Balkanologie 9:11; Max Demeter Peyfuss, Die Druckerei von Moschopolis, 1731-1769: Buchdruck und Heiligenverehrung in Erzbistum Achrida, Wiener Archiv für Geschichte des Slawentums und Osteuropas 13, 1989.

[Blackwell-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Clowan:Cite book

[2] Jeeagh er S. Macrakis, 1996 son y chlaare lioaragh

[3] New Findings in Ancient Afghanistan — the Bactrian documents discovered from the Northern Hindu-Kush, leaght liorish yn Olloo Nicholas Sims-Williams (Ollooscoil Lunnin - Hirayama Prize)

[4] "Dva balgarski rakopisa s gracko pismo", Balgarski starini 6, 1920; André Mazon and André Vaillant, L'Evangelaire de Kulakia, un parler slave de Bas-Vardar, Bibliothèque d'études balkaniques 6, 1938; Jürgen Kristophson, "Das Lexicon Tetraglosson des Daniil Moschopolitis", Zeitschrift für Balkanologie 9:11; Max Demeter Peyfuss, Die Druckerei von Moschopolis, 1731-1769: Buchdruck und Heiligenverehrung in Erzbistum Achrida, Wiener Archiv für Geschichte des Slawentums und Osteuropas 13, 1989.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

Abbyrlhit Greagagh

Cummal